A Fig. and nbsp; 1
the Basic parts of a brick
1 - bed
2 - header
3 - stretcher
a - in a quarter of a brick
- in a half-brick
in - in a brick
A Fig. and 2
Single-row bandaging
A Fig. and 3
multi bandaging
Fig. 4-1 trowel (plane)
Fig. and nbsp; 4-2
the Level
Fig. and nbsp; 4-3
the Plumb
Fig. 4-4
the Hammer - кирочка
Fig. and nbsp; 4-5
the Rule
Fig. and nbsp; 4-6
keyed
Fig. and nbsp; 5
1 - range
2 - a cord
3 - perpend
Fig. and nbsp; 6
the Laying clamp:
1 - range
2 - earlier stacked brick
3 - a stacked brick
Fig. 7
the Laying end-to-end
1 - range
2 - earlier stacked brick
3 - stacked brick
Fig. 8
pointing seams
1 - in raked joint
2 - the round platen
3 - slanting trim
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THE BRICKLAYING
the Building company "PROXIMA" professionally makes all kinds of a bricklaying.
The bricklaying is a design from stacked in the certain order and the bricks fastened among themselves by a building solution. The bricklaying can be carried out both from ceramic, and from a silicate brick. The silicate brick possesses higher heat conductivity and hygroscopicity. Besides distinguish a corpulent and hollow brick. Hollow has the through or closed cavities that reduces his heat conductivity and weight of the designs executed from it. The brick differs and in the sizes. The most widespread is the brick ordinary (unary), his sizes - 250х120х65 mm, and a brick modular (incrassate) - 250х120х88 mm.
At a laying of walls thickness in a brick , i.e. 250 mm outside will be inverted both spoon , and header parts of bricks (see fig. 1) . Thickness of brick walls can be and in a half-brick (outside it is inverted spoon a part), and in a quarter of a brick (outside is inverted the bed), that reduces the charge of a material and loss of the area.
For example, at length of 4 meters the difference in loss of the area of a premise at the walls erected in a brick and in a half-brick, reaches almost 1 sq. m, and at the walls executed in a brick and in a quarter of a brick, - more than 1,5 sq.m.
the Building solution
To a fastening of bricks it is among themselves applied a building solution .
Usually it is a solution prepared from a mix of cement and sand
(sand thus is necessary for sifting carefully). Than more share
Cement in a solution, that less it is plastic (mobile).
In comparison
With limy or mixed цементно-limy and цементно-clay
Solutions, the cement mortal is less mobile. Application high-ductility
Solution at performance of a laying from a hollow brick uneconomically,
As the solution becomes numb in the emptiness available in a body of a brick. Together
With what the solution is less mobile, the it is more difficult to spread it} and
To level.
Mobility of a building solution for brick
Laying it is defined by immersing in it special reference
Cone (on 7-14 sm deposits of a cone). At a laying hollow
Brick the solution with mobility no more than 7-8 sm is applied
Deposits of a cone.
At a laying a corpulent brick in hot weather
Mobility of a solution it is necessary to lead up deposits of a cone up to 12-14 sm
. Before use the solution is necessary for mixing carefully,
As eventually heavy particles settle, a solution
Heterogeneity is stratified and gets.
Bandaging of seams
With the purpose of giving to a bricklaying of durability and solidity it is used
System bandagings - the certain order of stacking of bricks be relative
Each other. Bandagings vertical, longitudinal and cross-section differ
Seams.
Bandaging longitudinal seams is necessary for prevention "stratifyings"
Walls on a vertical and for more uniform distribution of loadings on
To length of a wall. Bandaging of cross-section seams is carried out for creation
Longitudinal communication between bricks. Besides cross-section bandaging
Serves for distribution of loading on all thickness of a bricklaying.
Most frequently meeting systems of bandaging - single-row (chain)
And mattress . Single-row bandaging is characterized by alternation
spoones and headeres numbers of a bricklaying (see fig. 2)
Thus cross-section seams in the next numbers are shifted on a quarter of a brick
Be relative each other, and longitudinal - on a half-brick. Vertical
Seams of underlaying lines are blocked by bricks of the top lines. At
mattress to bandaging of a bricklaying headeres numbers are put through
A little spoones numbers{lines} (see fig. 3)
There are restrictions by quantity spoones numbers between headeres
Depending on thickness of a brick. For a laying from a unary brick
(65 mm) - one header a number on six numbers of a bricklaying.
For a laying from incrassate a brick (88 mm) - one headeres a number on five
Numbers of a bricklaying.
thus vertical seams in four spoones
Numbers seams are blocked by spoons of adjacent numbers on a half-brick, and
The top lines are blocked header the sixth lines on a quarter of a brick.
The similar bricklaying refers to five-strand. However such bandaging
It is feasible only at thickness of a wall not less, than in a brick.
If
The bricklaying is carried out in half or in a quarter of a brick, her
It is necessary to reinforce. For this purpose are used a metal grid or
reinforcing a wire which are stacked in seams through 4-6 numbers{lines}.
Tools
The basic
The tools used at conducting
Bricklaying, - trowel
(plane) , scotch
And jointing tool .
trowel- steel shovel with wooden
The handle. it is applied to leveling
Solution, fillings of vertical seams with it
Bricklaying and trim superfluous
Solution.
If
There is a necessity to split whole
Brick on a part, use a scotch.
jointing tool various kinds serve performance
The same operations.
For the control
Qualities of a bricklaying are applied a plumb ,
a rule , a level ,
a cord - line and perpend
(see fig. 4) the Plumb serves checks
Vertical position of a bricklaying. A level
It is applied the control
Horizontalities of a bricklaying.
With the help
Rules (smooth wooden lath in the length
1,2-2 meters) are supervised obverse
Surface of a bricklaying. A cord - line
- twisted a cord (diameter 3 mm), which
Stretches between lead. It
It is used for maintenance
Straightforwardness horizontalities
Lines of a bricklaying, and also for
The control of thickness of horizontal seams.
lead-
These are two wooden or metal lath,
On which through 77 mm (for unary
Brick) notches are put. This distance
Develops of thickness of a brick (65 mm) and
Thickness of a seam (12 mm).
It is applied
lead for a marking of lines brick
Laying, and at presence of apertures - for
Definitions of their dimensions (see fig. 5) . ia*nbsp; brick
To laying lead it is fixed
Special steel holders - crampones
With a cross-section rod.
The order of a bricklaying
For
Qualitative performance of a bricklaying
It is necessary to pay special attention on
Uniformity of distribution of a solution on
Beds. From correct spreading
Solution the density and durability of a seam depends.
At performance spoon lines
The solution is spread by a layer
In the width 80-100 mm, for header -
200-220 mm. Thickness ridge should make
15-20 mm that provides thickness of a seam of 10-12 mm.
Before a laying
Bricks for some time soak in
To water as the dry brick takes away water from
Solution that results in decrease in durability
Bricklaying.
Ways of conducting brick
Laying
Exists
Some ways of conducting brick
Laying. The basic them - clamping and
End-to-end. They are defined by a degree
Plasticity of a solution.
Way clamping
It is suitable for a laying with use
Rigid solution (7-9 sm deposits of a cone) with
Full filling and the subsequent jointing tool
Seams. In this case the solution is spread with
Space of 10-15 mm from an obverse surface
Walls and then it is leveled trowel on
To direction before the stacked brick
About the purpose of preparation mortar bed several
Bricks. Then an edge trowel a part
Solution it is rowed up to earlier stacked
To brick also nestles vertical
Sides.
Next
The brick falls on bed and nestles
To a cloth trowel. After that trowel it is sharp
It is taken out, and the solution is fixed between
Vertical sides of bricks (see fig.
6) . Further the brick is precipitatedon bed,
And a superfluous solution paring trowel In
Result it turns out strong brick
Laying with full filling seams.
Way end-to-end
It is applied at a laying on mobile
Solution (12-13 sm deposits of a cone) with
Incomplete filling of seams with obverse
The parties of a wall, i.e. raked joint. Thus
The solution is got with ridge
Directly a side of a brick, starting on
Distance of 8-12 sm from earlier stacked
Brick (see fig. 7) .
Brick
The part of a solution nestles on bed, and,
Removed from it, fills in a vertical seam.
Further the brick is precipitated on bed.
The solution thus is spread with a space
20-30 mm from an obverse part of a wall and at a laying
it is squeezed out outside.
Way end-to-end
With trim is a combination of two
The above described methods of a bricklaying.
Thus the wall turns out with full
Filling of seams. The solution is spread so
, as at a laying clamping, but a laying
It is made end-to-end. Necessary for
It mobility of a solution makes 10-12
Sm deposits of a cone. The most labour-consuming
The laying clamping, least is-
End-to-end. A way end-to-end ?*nbsp; trim on
Complexities is between them.
jointing tool seams of a bricklaying
After stacking
A quantity of lines, but up to
Drying up of a solution, it is made jointing tool
Seams . It is necessary for giving
Surfaces of a bricklaying precise
Figure and condensation of a solution in seams
Bricklaying. For such operations
Are applied jointing tool with a working part
Various configuration. Thus
Turn out rectangular buried,
Convex, concave, triangular
double-shear, etc. forms of seams brick
Laying (see fig. 8) .
The ambassador
The terminations of a laying and jointing tool seams brick
The wall can be in addition reveted.
The elementary variant of such facing-
Covering plaster with the subsequent
grounding and painting. Besides
Application various is possible
Decorative finishing materials.
On materials of a site: Library of the builder
Address to us on ph.: 501-10-60 (multichannel); 403-61-09
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